• Palatable when young and leafy.
• Drought
• Tolerates heavy grazing.
• Competitive with weeds.
• Establishes readily.
• Adapted to acid, infertile soils but also grows well on more
  fertile loams and clays.
• Effective groundcover to minimise erosion.

• Not adapted to high pH cracking clay.
• Slow seedling growth compared with vigorous grasses
  such as rhodes grass.
• Awned seed, difficult to harvest, handle and sow.
• Intolerant of flooding.

Plant: A tufted perennial warm season grass, erect or prostrate then erect, 40-80 cm tall before flowering, sometimes with short stolons.

Stems: Culms largely unbranched, 1-1.5 m tall at maturity.

Leaves: Leaf-blades 20-30 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, tapering gradually from the base to a fine point. Leaves have a membranous ligule.

Seeds: 1.2-1.9 million seeds/kg

Seedhead: A panicle comprising up to 20, mostly simple, green to purplish branches arising from different positions. Seed has bent and twisted awn, 10-25 mm long.

It is suitable as permanent pasture on poorer forest soils but also on more fertile forest and scrub soils for beef and sheep production in moderate rainfall areas.

Rainfall
It is adapted to areas receiving 500-1000mm/yr and is sown mainly in areas with rainfall above 750 mm/yr but can persist in areas with lower rainfall.

Soils
Grows on both fertile and infertile soils with textures from sandy loam to clays and hard-setting clay loams.

Temperature
It grows during the warm season and tops are killed by heavy frost.

Companion species
Grasses: Blue Dawn, rhodes grass, digit grass, Strickland tall finger grass.

Legumes: lucerne, annual medics, sub clover, yellow serradella, birdsfoot trefoil.

Sowing/planting rates as single species
2-4 kg/ha.

Sowing/planting rates in mixtures
1-2 kg/ha.

Sowing time
It can be sown from spring to late summer. It is best sown in spring if weeds, especially annual grass weeds, are controlled or minimal, or in late-summer.

Inoculation
Not applicable

Fertiliser
No fertiliser is required for establishment on suitable soils although phosphorus may be needed for establishment of companion legumes.

Maintenance fertiliser
It is tolerant of low soil nitrogen levels, competing well with native grasses in forest country, where other improved pasture grasses may fail. Established stands respond to application of nitrogen fertiliser.

Grazing/cutting
Establishing stands with well-developed secondary roots should only be grazed lightly to consume palatable weeds.

See production
100-150 kg/ha seed may be obtained from nitrogen fertilised stands or on more fertile soils in first year.

Ability to spread
It spreads by seed and expands by short rhizomes.

Weed potential
Forest bluegrass has a low weed potential but it may replace ecologically very similar native grasses, pitted bluegrass and red grass, on sandy surfaced duplex soils.

Major pests
No major pest known..

Major diseases
Rust may be evident late in the season but is of little concern in grazed stands.

Herbicide susceptibility
It is killed by glyphosate and is tolerant of atrazine at low rate.

Feeding value
Quality declines with age, and more rapidly with the onset of flowering. Crude protein level in young leaf may be 10%, declining to below 5% in mature growth.

Palatability
It is readily eaten by livestock in the leafy stage, and can tolerate heavy grazing. The strongly scented herbage does not taint milk or meat.

Production potential
Annual pasture yields of about 7 t/ha DM is achievable and more in nitrogen fertilised seed crops. Cattle can gain an average 0.5 kg/hd/day, with a peak 1.25 kg/hd/day in late summer and a small weight loss in winter.

Livestock disorders/toxicity
No health problems are known in grazing livestock. It is low in oxalate and therefore is a suitable pasture grass for horses.